Compilation and Interpretation

• What is Compilation?
• What is Interpretation?
• How Python is both compiled and interpreted?
• Role of Python Virtual Machine (PVM)

Python Execution

• Steps in Python Execution
• Bytecode Compilation
• Role of Interpreter in Execution

Script Mode and Interactive Mode of Execution

• Introduction to Interactive Mode (REPL)
• Running Python Scripts in Script Mode
• Differences and Use Cases

Data Types

• Numeric Types (int, float, complex)
• Sequence Types (list, tuple, range)
• Set and Dictionary Types
• Mutable vs Immutable Types
• Type Conversion

Command Line Arguments

• What are Command Line Arguments?
• Using sys.argv to Access Arguments
• Parsing Arguments with the argparse Module

Functions

• Defining and Calling Functions
• Arguments and Return Values
• Default and Keyword Arguments
• Lambda Functions
• Function Scope and Global Variables

List, Tuple, Set, Dictionary

• Properties and Differences
• List Operations and Methods
• Tuple Immutability
• Set Operations (Union, Intersection, Difference)
• Dictionary Key-Value Operations

Collections Module

• Counter – Counting Elements
• defaultdict – Dictionary with Default Values
• OrderedDict – Maintaining Key Order
• deque – Double-Ended Queue
• namedtuple – Creating Readable Tuples

Strings

• String Creation and Manipulation
• String Formatting (format(), f-strings)
• String Methods (replace(), split(), join())
• Working with Unicode and Encoding

Regular Expressions

• Introduction to re Module
• Pattern Matching with Metacharacters
• Finding and Replacing Text
• Using Groups and Special Sequences

Exception Handling

• Types of Errors in Python
• Using try-except-finally Blocks
• Raising Custom Exceptions
• Handling Multiple Exceptions

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Introduction to OOP
• Classes and Objects
• Instance vs Class Variables
• Encapsulation (private, protected, public access)
• Setters and Getters
• Constructors (__init__ method)
• Inheritance (Single, Multiple, Multilevel)
• Polymorphism (Method Overloading & Overriding)
• Abstraction (ABC module and abstract methods)

Getting Started with Files

• Reading and Writing Files (open(), read(), write())
• File Modes (r, w, a, rb, wb)
• Working with File Paths

Files Inventory Management

• Managing Large Data Files
• Reading and Writing Inventory Data
• Appending and Updating Inventory Files

JSON Inventory Management

• Introduction to JSON (json module)
• Reading and Writing JSON Data
• Converting JSON to Python and Vice Versa
• Managing Inventory Using JSON

NumPy (Numerical Python)

• Introduction to NumPy
• Creating and Manipulating Arrays
• NumPy Array Operations
• Broadcasting and Vectorization
• Working with Mathematical and Statistical Functions

Pandas (Data Analysis Library)

• Introduction to Pandas and DataFrames
• Series vs DataFrame
• Data Cleaning and Manipulation
• Handling Missing Data
• Data Aggregation and Grouping

Matplotlib (Data Visualization)

• Introduction to Matplotlib
• Creating Line, Bar, and Scatter Plots
• Customizing Graphs (Labels, Titles, Legends)
• Working with Multiple Subplots
• Saving and Displaying Plots

Data Preprocessing

• Handling Missing Data
• Data Cleaning and Transformation
• Feature Scaling and Encoding
• Handling Outliers

Data Analysis

• Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
• Statistical Data Analysis
• Data Visualization Techniques
• Using Pandas and Matplotlib for Analysis